Tectonic deformation is the study of the processes by which the Earth's crust is deformed and reshaped by tectonic forces. This includes the movement of tectonic plates, faulting, folding, and other geological processes that result in changes to the shape and structure of the Earth's crust. Researchers in this area study the causes of tectonic deformation, how it can be measured and monitored, and its implications for geological hazards such as earthquakes and tsunamis. Tectonic deformation plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface and has important implications for understanding the evolution of the planet.